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Can LLM Agents Generate Real-World Evidence? Evaluating Observational Studies in

BACKGROUND
1 SIGNALFIRST DETECTED 25 March 2026
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12 May
Measuring What Matters: Benchmarking Generative, Multimodal, and Agentic AI in Healthcare

arXiv:2605.08445v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI models are increasingly deployed in live clinical environments where they must perform reliably across complex, high-stakes

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13 May
AcuityBench: Evaluating Clinical Acuity Identification and Uncertainty Alignment

arXiv:2605.11398v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce AcuityBench, a benchmark for evaluating whether language models identify the appropriate urgency of care from user

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12 May
When Agents Overtrust Environmental Evidence: An Extensible Agentic Framework for Benchmarking Evidence-Grounding Defects in LLM Agents

arXiv:2605.08828v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model agents increasingly operate through environment-facing scaffolds that expose files, web pages, APIs, and logs.

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2 Oct
Measuring the Microtask Eligibility Gap: When Is an Off-the-Shelf SLM Enough for an Agent Harness?

arXiv:2610.00025v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agent harnesses increasingly want to run small language models (SLMs) on the microtasks around a frontier large language model

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16 Oct
OmicsBench: a long-horizon multi-turn benchmark of AI agents on research-study-scale bioinformatics

arXiv:2610.21074v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computational biologists increasingly delegate substantial analyses to AI agents in long-horizon, multi-turn sessions, yet most

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16 Oct
Kolab: Benchmarking Human-Agent Collaboration in Long-Horizon Workflows

arXiv:2610.21109v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When humans collaborate with AI agents on long-horizon tasks, what happens to the agents' contributions? For solving long-horizon

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14 Apr
HealthAdminBench: Evaluating Computer-Use Agents on Healthcare Administration Tasks

arXiv:2604.09937v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Healthcare administration accounts for over $1 trillion in annual spending, making it a promising target for LLM-based computer-use

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3 Jul
World Feedback for Clinical Agents: Diagnosing RL in FHIR Environments

arXiv:2607.01470v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Clinical protocol-execution tasks -- checking a lab value, applying a threshold, placing a correctly structured FHIR order -- are

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