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The Many Faces of On-Policy Distillation: Pitfalls, Mechanisms, and Fixes

BACKGROUND
1 SIGNALFIRST DETECTED 13 May 2026
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5 Oct
Spend Teacher Tokens Where They Matter: Success-Referenced On-Policy Distillation

arXiv:2610.02678v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) combines student-generated rollouts with dense token-level supervision from a teacher, but providing

REPORT · WHERE · ArXiv CS.AIOPEN STORY
13 May
Adaptive Teacher Exposure for Self-Distillation in LLM Reasoning

arXiv:2605.11458v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy self-distillation has become a strong recipe for LLM reasoning, where a privileged teacher supervises the student's own

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22 Sept
Calibrating Teacher--Student Discrepancy for On-Policy Distillation

arXiv:2609.21619v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) improves reasoning models by learning the token-level discrepancy between a stronger teacher and an

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25 May
EDGE-OPD: Internalizing Privileged Context with Evidence Guided On-Policy Distillation

arXiv:2605.23493v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-Policy Distillation (OPD) has gained wide attraction as an LLM post-training paradigm due to its effectiveness in improving

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12 Aug
Matching Supervision to the Student's Learning Capacity: A Unified Framework for On-Policy Self-Distillation

arXiv:2608.08176v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) improves the reasoning abilities of LLMs by internalizing privileged context into model

REPORT · HOW · ArXiv CS.AIOPEN STORY
16 Oct
Condition-Contrastive Extrapolation for On-Policy Distillation of Language Models

arXiv:2610.21195v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) improves a student language model by training on its own generated trajectories with supervision from

REPORT · WHEN · ArXiv CS.AIOPEN STORY
25 Sept
From Self-Distillation to Self-Practice: Privileged Information for Multi-Turn Agents

arXiv:2609.29051v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) has become a popular recipe for post-training LLM agents. It supervises the agent model at the

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17 Jul
ShortOPD: Recovering Pruned LLMs with Short-to-Long On-Policy Distillation

arXiv:2607.13124v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Structured pruning is a hardware-friendly way to compress LLMs, but it is mostly validated on multiple-choice recognition tasks,

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